Essay on The Major Themes in William Shakespeares Othello

The Major Themes in William Shakespeares Othello Irony and double meaning are the basis and patterns of Othello, in which nothing is what it seems to be; white is black and generally the characters and themes have contradictory aspects. Irony is one of the characteristics of tragedy as the outcome, although inevitable, is unfair. In Act 1 scene 1, Shakespeare sets up the main themes of: jealousy, revenge, xenophobia and racism, love, outward appearance and inward reality and deception. Act 1 Scene 1 is laced with irony, which mainly centres around the character of Iago. Although Iago openly expresses his desire to seek vengeance, Shakespeare presents his character in such a way that the†¦show more content†¦This is an essential factor in Iagos plans as he is viewed by the other characters, including Othello, as trustworthy and honest which enables him influence others to bring about the downfall of Othello. Although Iagos character is presented as being Janus-like, he makes no secret of the fact that he wants vengeance as he openly expresses his villainous thoughts and so it is clear to the audience that revenge is a major theme in the play as he explains to Roderigo I follow him to serve my turn upon him, openly admitting that he is a self serving deceiver. At the beginning of the play, Iago is clearly dissatisfied and jealous that he has been over looked for promotion to lieutenant. Instead Cassio has been chosen for this position, by Othello. This jealousy and the associated desire for revenge are what drives Iagos actions as he wants to disrupt Othellos life and take his retribution. It is clear that Iago is bitter and disappointed and is so because he is driven by this hatred. Iago appears to be completely set in his aim to bring about the destruction of Othello and is able to do this as he can get close to him and therefore plot against him to bring about his downfall. Iago is an opportunist, he uses Roderigo with the aim of causing trouble for Othello. HisShow MoreRelatedThe Tragedy Of Othello By William Shakespeare757 Words   |  4 Pages The Tragedy of Othello by William Shakespeare William Shakespeare uses many literary devices to enhance and provide greater complexity in his works. More specifically, the theme, symbolism, and dramatic irony are used to enrich Shakespeare’s The Tragedy of Othello. The plot is definitely engaging but the theme allows for an universal human correspondence, furthering the depth of the author’s message. The element of symbolism contributes to the theme of Shakespeare’s tragedy. Symbolism expressesRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s All The World s A Stage 1540 Words   |  7 PagesMegan Mackey Professor Raja Atallah English 1102 17 April 2017 Research Paper William Shakespeare once said, All the World’s a Stage —and now his quote can be applied to his literature within his tragedies (William Shakespeare 1). The generation of people today have a much different definition of tragedies than people did during the Shakespearean times. Shakespeare’s tragedies involve a protagonist whose character is developed so that it is clear that he is a heroic figure in the setting of theRead MoreBetraying and Lying in Othello by William Shakespeare1726 Words   |  7 Pagesbecause of jealousy they may have towards them. The tragedy of Othello explains why some people are not trustworthy. Just because some people feel like they are miserable, they try everything in their power to make the other individual miserable as well. Enemies come in different colors, shapes, and forms, making it difficult for you to pick out who the ones that is worth trusting. The author uses Characterization, conflict, and themes to tell about the dece itful ways a person has, and all the harmRead MoreDifferences Between Film And Othello1503 Words   |  7 PagesThroughout the years the play Othello by William Shakespeare has been adapted both on the screen and on stage many times. The questions or race and racism that have quite often been a point of discussion with William Shakespeare’s play Othello can be seen through the bard, however some may argue that Othello’s skin colour was purely a plot device. This paper will look at two film that have been re-made since the 1960’s, which provides an analysis of the concept of race and how political ideas andRead MoreOthello Vs. Omkara975 Words   |  4 Pagesï » ¿Eusteen-Em Kayle F. Barte January 20, 2014 Eng10 Michaela Atienza Omkara, Bollywood’s Othello When someone mentions Bollywood, the mind quickly thinks of a film where the plot is based on love triangles and romance which often ends happily ever after. This thought is accompanied with characters singing and dancing in authentic traditional costumes, like the sari (a costume for women), in an attempt to highlight a situation or mood more. Watching Bollywood is like watching recorded culturalRead MoreThe Concept Of Iago By William Shakespeare1163 Words   |  5 Pagesâ€Å"The Concept of Iago† William Shakespeare’s plays all have a common theme: death. There is almost always death, and the play of â€Å"Othello† is no different since it ends in a â€Å"tragedy.† It begins with a man named Iago who speaks to Roderigo of how he should have received the position of lieutenant that was instead given to Cassio, a inexperienced man in his words, by Othello, the General. Iago shows distaste towards Othello, the play then goes through the story of Iago attempting to receive the positionRead MoreAnalysis Of Shakespeare s Othello, By William Shakespeare1040 Words   |  5 PagesWhen pairs of texts are considered together, their universal themes and ideas lead to greater understanding, appreciation and insight of both the old and the new. The texts Othello, William Shakespeare (1600) and Othello, Geoffrey Sax (2001), ring true for this statement. Despite the differing contexts and ages, the universal themes of racism and betrayal bring new meaning to each of the texts. The primary meaning from the juxtaposition of the two is that of the human condition, and how the problemsRead MoreBlind Persistence Essay724 Words   |  3 PagesThe play Othello by William Shakespeare is a portrayal of jealousy and deception. The two characters Cassio and Roderigo play a vital role throughout the play in portraying Shakespeare’s theme of how ignorance, whether it be words of advice from others or just indications, can lead to one’s downfall. Cassio and Roderigo both play an essential role in showing how being persistent—ignoring everything that could be signs of warning—to attain what we want is not always the correct approach. The firstRead MoreOthello : William Shakespeare s Othello2542 Words   |  11 Pages3 March 2015 Othello Introduction Shakespeare is the second most quoted writer in the English language – after the various writers of the Bible. Many of Shakespeare’s ideas for the play Othello came from a collection of tales written by Giraldi Cinthio. In Othello the character of Iago acts as the prominent main character throughout the play, even though he plays the role of the antagonist to the other central characters in the comedy Iago is the tragic hero. Shakespeare’s Othello was not justRead MoreComparing Shakespeares Othello with Conrads Heart of Darkness738 Words   |  3 PagesComparing Shakespeare’s Othello with Conrad’s Heart of Darkness It is often that when we read great works of literature we come across similar themes. Authors use powerful ideas that they believe will move their readers and relate to them so they become engaged in the words written. William Shakespeare and Joseph Conrad were amazing writers of their times and even though their works were written almost 300 years apart, both, Othello and Heart of Darkness, have coinciding themes. The major theme

Descriptive Essay Brand Wagon - 1589 Words

Kyleigh Yow Dr. Berberyan English 101.10 11 September 2017 Brand Wagon Walking down the hallways at school or down the streets of town, one has no trouble spotting brands such as Coach, American Eagle, and sometimes even Supreme or Yeezy. Brands like these can be seen everywhere! They may be depicted on the cover of a magazine or worn by famous idols. Just as frequently these images are plastered all over social media. Indulging in the lavish things are a regular among humans. Everyone wants to treat themselves - to be â€Å"with-it†. People take double shifts and wait in ridiculously long lines for these new cool items. As soon as they are available online stores sell out – such as the case with Yeezy’s which are virtually impossible to†¦show more content†¦In America, as well as an abundance of other countries, people are very understandably concerned with appearance. In today’s time, being critiqued based off appearance at a job interview, by a potential mate, or even by the friends one has is sad ly not a foreign ordeal. In a fairly abrasive article written by Hadley Freeman, from The Guardian, Freeman explains in short that folks wear brand names for three reasons: they are flaunting their feathers, they do not realize they are being used as a form of brand advertisement, and they are paying solely for the label (Freeman 1-3). As far as appearance is concerned, Freeman raises some exceptional points on the topic. A brand becomes a status symbol in the eyes of many. In such a judgmental society, many will do whatever they can to get a â€Å"leg-up†. Flaunting a logo can symbolically exert wealth and prestige and people will view this brand and advertisement as such. Truth be known, when Freeman mentioned that people only payed for the logo of brand names, she was correct. Elisabeth Leamy, from ABC News, sheds some light on the true difference in quality from many varied brands. While some brands were a slightly higher quality than their cheaper counterpart, many were not (Leamy 11). The main difference found between one ninety-five dollar t-shirt and the equivalent seven dollar t-shirt from a cheaper brand was the name on the label. The more expensiveShow MoreRelated4ps Marketing8709 Words   |  35 PagesChapter 10: Crafting the Brand Positioning GENERAL CONCEPT QUESTIONS Multiple Choice 1. As part of the strategic brand management process, each company and offering must represent a distinctive ________ in the mind of the target market. a. promotion b. cell c. big idea d. ad e. organizational concept Answer: c Page: 309 Level of difficulty: Medium 2. All marketing strategy is built on STP—segmentation, targeting, and ________. a. positioning b. product Read MoreLogical Reasoning189930 Words   |  760 Pagesprobable good consequences of each action and the probable bad consequences while weighing the positive and negative impact of each consequence. It’s a kind of cost-benefit analysis. Exercises 1. Columbus Day is an American holiday. Write a short essay that weighs the pros and cons and then comes to a decision about whether there should be more or less public celebration (by Americans and their institutions) on Columbus Day, October 12. Here is some relevant background information to reduce yourRead MoreOne Significant Change That Has Occurred in the World Between 1900 and 2005. Explain the Impact This Change Has Made on Our Lives and Why It Is an Important Change.163893 Words   |  656 PagesPHILADELPHIA Temple University Press 1601 North Broad Street Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122 www.temple.edu/tempress Copyright  © 2010 by Temple University All rights reserved Published 2010 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Essays on twentieth century history / edited by Michael Peter Adas for the American Historical Association. p. cm.—(Critical perspectives on the past) Includes bibliographical references. ISBN 978-1-4399-0269-1 (cloth : alk. paper)—ISBN 978-1-4399-0270-7Read MoreHuman Resources Management150900 Words   |  604 Pagesthe jobs. During the interview the individuals are also asked about their thoughts and feelings during each of the described events. 4. Using the behavioral events, the facilitator develops detailed descriptions of each of the competencies. This descriptive phase provides clarity and specifics so that employees, supervisors, managers, and others in the organization have a clearer understanding of the competencies associated with jobs. 5. The competencies are rated and levels needed to meet them are

The Persian Wars Free Essays

The Persian Wa rs tric D. Blanco Persia, known as Iran, was the largest empire the world had ever seen by the 5th century B,C. E. We will write a custom essay sample on The Persian Wars or any similar topic only for you Order Now The name Iran derlves trom the word â€Å"Asyran,† and durlng the first half of the first millennium, the Iranian-speaking people moved gradually Into the area of the Zagros Mountains, the largest groups known as the Medes and Persians. According the author of The Greek and Persian Wars 499-386 3C by Philip de Souza, The Persians were part of a group of ancient peoples who spoke languages similar to modern Iranian (Souza, Pg. 9). The origin of the Persian Empire can be attributed to the leadership ot Cyrus the Great. A brilliant and powerful Persian king. he enlarged nearby Islands and united them Into one empire. Cyrus was able to create a vast empire that would last more than two hundred years. As time went by, the Greek city- states were under the rule of the Persians. The Persian wars began. But what was the Persian war? According to the â€Å"Encyclopedia of Ancient History, Greece†, it was a serious of conflicts fought between Greek states and the Persian Empire. Greece was Invaded twice during the Persian wars. The wars with Greece and Persla were a result due to rebellion, but who won the war? The Persians wanted to conquer more of Greece, then a war broke out, but how did it all began? After the death of King Croesus of Lydia died, Greece was under the rule of the Persian Empire which they much resented. In result to this, they fought to throw out the Persians. The city-state Ionia revolted. Athens and Eritrea supported the Ionians with a token force of twenty ships from Athens, five ships from Eritrea. The Ionian revolt was successful at first, but after the Greeks sailed home It was rushed. Persian temples had been violated, and whether they did it or not the Athenians and Eritreans were blamed for it. King Darius I of Persia ordered a punitive expedition to these two cities, but a storm smashed his fleet. Another fleet was assembled. and the tlrst Persian war began, Which city-state was saved, and which was destroyed from the fleet of Persia? Before finding the answer of which city-state was saved and destroyed, and victor, let’s look at the important kings, generals during the wars. Darius l, he was the king of the Persian Empire during the first war. His son Xerxes took the title as king of the Persian Empire at the start ot the second war. Mardonius is a Persian general In both wars. Datls and Artaphernes were generals at the Battle of Marathon, the first war. 1 OF3 Marathon. At the Battle of Thermopylae, the second war, Leonidas, Spartan general, and king fought the Persians with three hundred men. In Thermopylae 480 BC by Nic Fields, Leonidas as the commander-in-chief, held off the Persians to their rear by a mountain track, the Anopaia path (Fields, Pg. ). Themistocles was an Athenian dmiral at the Battle of Salamis. Pausanias was also a Spartan general but at the Battle of Plataea. They are the important people during this time of event. Fought to the death, some survived, but who won the wars? Persians have returned home with a low supply of weapons after the first war, they were defeated by the Greeks at the Battle of Marathon. Persians attacked Athens t o teach them a lesson for revolting against the Great Darius l, but the Athenians defeated the Persians. The second invasion returned with the new king, Xerxes. With a huge army he gathered, they ttacked the Greeks at Thermopylae. That’s when the Spartans came in, with three hundred men under the leadership of Leonidas. The Persians ended up reaching the city of Athens and burned it. The Persians were finally defeated by the Greek Navvy in a bloody sea battle. Fewer than four hundred Greek ships under the Athenian general Themistocles beat twelve hundred Persian ships. Xerxes went home after the defeat. However, he left a large army in Greece. The Spartans and Athenians fought the Persian army. The combined forces were able to beat the Persians. Looking back at the question, Athens was the city-state that was destroyed and Eritreans survived. The war may have been won by the Greeks, but when did it all started? According to the author of The Greek and Persian Wars 499-386 BC book by Philip de Souza, In 499 the Persians launched a major naval expedition against Naxos, the largest and most prosperous of the Cycladic islands. Herodotus presents this expedition as the result of an appeal by some exiled Naxian aristocrats to Aristagoras, the ruling tyrant of Miletos, to help them force their compatriots to ccept them back and return to power. Miletos was one of the largest and most important Ionian cities. According to the text, it had enjoyed privileged, semi- independent status in relation to the Lydian kings, which the Persians allowed to continue. The Ionians rebelled, some of the Ionian cities and island had been developing a form of democratic government when they came under Persian influence. Such developments continued in mainland Greece, especially in Athens, but the move to widespread popular participation in government was prematurely halted in Ionia. How to cite The Persian Wars, Papers

South East Asian Crisis Essay Example For Students

South East Asian Crisis Essay On the 2nd of July 1997, Asia was hit by one of the most devastating financial crises it has ever seen. Of all the financial crisis that have taken place, this was one of the most distressing in that it was totally unexpected. The purpose of this paper is to show that particular developmental strategies employed by these economies eventually led to their downfall. It will attempt to find out where the origins of the crisis lie, and what events started the cycle that eventuated with this disaster. In order to trace the events that led to the eventual collapse of the Asian economies, one must venture across the ocean to the United States. The issue of liberalisation first gained attention in the US during the Regan Administration. However, it was during the Clinton era that liberalisation became a top priority. Whereas previous governments had pushed for the liberalisation of Japan, one of Clintons main foreign policy objectives was the liberalisation of the Asian economies. This proce ss was pushed forth in Asia with such vehemence because the region held a lot of investment opportunities for American Banks, Brokerages, and other financial sector businesses. Unfortunately, Asias economies were not structurally ready to deal with the influx of capital that was headed their way. They had weak banking and legal systems that were unable, or unwilling, to regulate the flow of foreign capital in the country. The Americans eventually persuaded Korea to relax its capital flow regulations by giving it the option of joining the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. Even then, Korea was concerned that its financial institutions may not be able to deal with an influx of foreign capital. One fatal mistake that Korea, as well as other Southeast Asian countries made, was that they opened their capital markets in the wrong way. They did not allow long term investments in Korean companies, but rather, only short-term investments that could be removed easily. One example of the sort of quick investments that were being made in Asia can be seen in the Japanese. In Japan the interest rates were very low, so investors would borrow at 2 percent and then convert their currency into Thai baht. Due to the interest rate differential, they were able to make a lot of money off simple currency conversion. Other Asian economies were quick to follow suit, and soon there was a movement of huge amounts of capital into the region. In just one year, more then $93 billion was invested in five Asian countries. One must, however, concede that Southeast Asia became very receptive to the changes being imposed on them by the United States. Eventually, foreign investment came to be seen as a miracle cure for underdevelopment. It was seen as a quick fix that could, in a short period of time, bring countries to the same level of development as the West. The trouble started in 1995, when the United States inflated the dollar, and hence also inflated the Thai baht and other Asian currencies that were pegged to the dollar. This caused their exports to become expensive compared to Chinese exports. The Thai deficit rose to such an extent that all their foreign currency reserves started to drain in order to pay it. This is the first time that investors got to see the weakness in the Thai financial market.It is not possible to place the entire blame for the crisis on the United States. As was mentioned before, Asian countries were more than happy to accept the capital coming there way. It is important to evaluate the different internal weaknesses in these economies that led to the eventual crisis. Enough stress can not be placed on how the internal weaknesses of the Asian region led to this crisis. The remainder of this essay with deal with these weaknesses, and of the events that eventually led to the collapse of the East Asian miracle. Liberalisation in Southeast Asia took place primarily in two steps. In Thailand, and in much of Asia, this liberal isation consisted of the removal of foreign exchange controls, interest rate restrictions, encouragement of nonbank (private) capital markets, and the adoption of the capital adequacy standard for bank supervision. This liberalisation led to intense competition in the Thai market. Banks competed on the size of their portfolios, and this led to some of the frivolous, short term, investment that became synonymous with the region. They also competed to generate off-balance sheet transactions and quasi-banking operations, all of which added to the vulnerability of the region. In Indonesia, as well, there was a removal of banking regulations. With the removal of these regulations, the number of banks in the country more than doubled in a period of six years. Many of these banks were owned by large industrial groups, which used them to manage their own financial affairs. Banks also created Offsure accounts in order to conduct illegal activity. This first liberalisation actually went a lon g way in reducing the reliability of banks. Investments were made without paying proper heed to their long-term returns and the credit worthiness of the parties. This combined with illegal activities made the banking system extremely susceptible to any sort of external pressure. One example of this type of short sighted activity can be seen in the expansion of bank portfolios to include a large number of property companies. Property companies would borrow from banks and then float shares for the property in the stock market. They money made in this way would be enough to pay the banks and make a profit. The second phase of the liberalisation process consisted of openeing up the capital accounts of the region. Guarantees were given to non-residents that they would be able to withdraw their investments and, also, the end of restrictions regarding foreign asset holding by residents. It is this phase that defined East Asian growth for almost a decade. For the first time Thailands compan ies had access to external finance. This relationship between the corporations and the outside world also made this sector vulnerable to external changes. The level of capital inflow in Asia reached monumental proportions due to another reason as well. Before the liberalisation measures were implemented, these countries had provided incentives in the form of subsidies to foreign investors. Once the liberalisation was complete, these subsidies remained. This added an additional incentive for foreign incentive. Besides this, the interest rate differential between the developing and western countries was so great, local businesses had an incentive to move towards foreign funding. In short, both the banking and corporate sector became extremely dependent on foreign short-term debt liabilities. Some Asian countries could see where this type of short-term speculation was leading, but they were not willing (or unable) to impose regulations on banks and investors. Malaysia was one country t hat was able to reduce the degree of short-term speculation through a combination of various measure. At one point net inflows of capital actually went into the negative. Thai authorities, on the other hand, were unwilling to intervene to take control of their current accounts deficit. They felt that it was inappropriate for a government to intervene on behalf of a deficit that was caused purely by the private sector. Similarly, in Indonesia also the current account deficit started becoming a representation of private investments. Theories, like the one expressed by Cordon, imply that market forces will take care of any current account deficit. However, in an unusual situation like this, where enormous amounts of capital is available for short-term profit, private agents do not always behave rationally. These countries themselves provided investors with conditions that led to irrational behaviour. The adoption of a fixed exchange rate and an absolute commitment to an unregulated cap ital account made for good hunting. In these instances measures to keep the current account under control are essential. Through this entire process, Thai governments were playing a delicate game trying to balance the exchange rate and the interest rate. It was imperative for these economies that the exchange rate should not appreciate. They engaged in sterilisation operations in order to keep the exchange rate at certain level. However these activities caused interest rates to increase, which again caused more foreign capital to come into the countries. The East Asian economies, by the mid 90s were like a card house. Their foundation cards were foreign investment and a fixed exchange rate. Foreign investment had provided all the funding for banks in their ill-conceived ventures. It was this money that allowed economies with very basic discrepancies to achieve such high growth rates. The fixed exchange rate was necessary to keep foreign investment coming. In 1995 when the value of t he Thai baht, and other East Asian currencies that were pegged to the dollar, increased in response to a corresponding increase in the dollar, it set off a chain of events that ended with the destruction of the East Asian economies. The inflation of the baht led to an increase in the current account deficit. Foreign currency reserves were exhausted in an attempt to pay for the deficit. This economic instability caused panic selling by investors. Thailand refused to devalue its currency, and in response interest rates went up in Thailand and in the Philippians. Under increasing pressure that the flight of capital created, the Thai government eventually let the baht float freely. In the open market the baht hit a record low of 28.8 against the dollar. The Philippians also lets their currency, the peso, float semi-freely with the result that it also ended at a record low of 32.38 against the dollar. As the effects of this currency devaluation swept throughout Southeast Asia, there was a multilateral currency meltdown. Dozens of financial firms in the region were closed and their operations came under scrutiny. Banks stopped extending short-term loans due to a dry up of capital and business, unable to pay back, went bankrupt. Essentially what happened is that faced with the prospect of economic instability in the region investors started selling their stakes in these economies. As the money dried up, the entire system that had developed around this money also crumbled. When an economy is built on such delicate cards, even a slight change in any one factor (in this case the exchange rate) and lead to a catastrophe. What is interesting is that even though all areas of Asia (in fact the entire world) were hit by the crisis, certain countries weathered the crisis better. Singapore and the Philippines, who had exercised come capital control and had placed prudential regulations on their banks, were able to recover from the crisis much faster. In fact, that they were ev en hit by the crisis is due more to the non-availability of financial information in the region than anything else. The crisis caused general selling by investors in the entire region who did not have time to differentiate between the various amount of economic distress in the region. Essentially, it was due to some level of Contagion. As you can see, a variety of factors went into the destruction of the Southeast Asian economies. The Americans failed to realise that under the conditions that existed in the region, uncontrolled capital liberalisation would not work. The influx of capital overwhelmed societies, which were not equipped with the knowledge to deal with it. The entire system was dependent on a delicate balance between exchange rates and other monetary factors. In the end the over liberalisation of these economies, without sufficient controls led to one of the most dramatic crisis of all time. In response one can not help but wonder if capital mobility is more a need of t he west than of the east. Underdeveloped countries need time to develop the institutional framework to handle this new form of Globalisation. Until then, they can not be fully integrated into the world capital market. Bibliography: .u91837cbd20deab776a71c914ad42517f , .u91837cbd20deab776a71c914ad42517f .postImageUrl , .u91837cbd20deab776a71c914ad42517f .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u91837cbd20deab776a71c914ad42517f , .u91837cbd20deab776a71c914ad42517f:hover , .u91837cbd20deab776a71c914ad42517f:visited , .u91837cbd20deab776a71c914ad42517f:active { border:0!important; } .u91837cbd20deab776a71c914ad42517f .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u91837cbd20deab776a71c914ad42517f { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u91837cbd20deab776a71c914ad42517f:active , .u91837cbd20deab776a71c914ad42517f:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u91837cbd20deab776a71c914ad42517f .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u91837cbd20deab776a71c914ad42517f .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u91837cbd20deab776a71c914ad42517f .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u91837cbd20deab776a71c914ad42517f .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u91837cbd20deab776a71c914ad42517f:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u91837cbd20deab776a71c914ad42517f .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u91837cbd20deab776a71c914ad42517f .u91837cbd20deab776a71c914ad42517f-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u91837cbd20deab776a71c914ad42517f:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Positive Genetic Engineering Essay

Economics, Information Systems, and Electronic Commerce Strategy

Internet and marketing Primary and secondary data Primary data is information that is collected first hand from the field (Kumar, 2005). On the other hand, secondary data is information that is recorded by other organizations, agencies, and people for other reasons other than the current problem (Kumar, 2005). In E-marketing, secondary data includes organizations’ websites, e-books, and e-journals (Kumar, 2005).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Economics, Information Systems, and Electronic Commerce Strategy specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Steps in primary marketing research project There are eight steps in a primary marketing research project including defining the problem, determining research design, identifying data types and sources, designing data collection forms and questionnaires, determining sample plan and size, Collecting data, analyzing and interpreting data, and preparing research report (Kau ffman and Tallon, 2009). Problem definition: The management translates the problems they face into questions that outline the data needed to obtain the information. The research objectives are outlined to identify outcome (Kauffman and Tallon, 2009). Research Design: Marketing research can be put in one of three groups, namely explanatory research, descriptive research and causal research (Kumar, 2005). A research design is selected in relation to the set objectives and outcome expected. Data collection: There are two categories of data collection namely primary and secondary data collection methods. Before one goes to the field to gather primary data, they should check the secondary data that can be used for the current study (Kumar, 2005). Secondary data can be found from organization’s website. Secondary data saves time and money but may not fit the current problem efficiently(Kumar, 2005). Primary data can be collected to supplement the secondary data. A company can colle ct primary data in marketing research to identify opinions about the company, awareness, and knowledge about the brands in the company among others (Kauffman and Tallon, 2009). Primary data is collected through interviews and observation. Questionnaire Design: It is important to choose well-constructed questions to avoid errors and invalid data (Kumar, 2005).Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Measurement Scales: Attributes are measured on nominal, ordinal, interval, and ratio scales (Kumar, 2005). Sampling Plan: Sampling plan is how the researcher intends to chose the interviewees to be used in data collection (Kauffman and Tallon, 2009). Data Analysis/Preliminary Steps: When doing data analysis the raw data must be transformed to the right forma and the data must be edited to eliminate errors (Kumar, 2005). The data must be coded to convert the data into numbers and symbols. Simple and cross- sectional tabulations are used in analyzing the data. Cross-sectional tabulation is more appropriate for marketing research because it divides the sample into sub-groups to indicate how the dependent differ in the sub-group (Kumar, 2005). Hypothesis Testing enables the researcher to accept or reject the hypothesis that has been formulated for the research. Marketing Research Report: Making the marketing research report is the final stage of the research process. The components of a research report are as follows: letter of authorization for the research from relevant authority, table of contents, list of illustrations, executive summary, research objectives, research methodology, results of the research, limitations, conclusions and recommendations and finally appendices containing copy of questionnaires used in the research (Kumar, 2005). On-line research approaches and data collection methods There are different methods and approaches used in data collection. Som e of those methods include web-assisted personal interviewing, online survey, online focus groups, in-depth interviews and roving laptop based interviews (Kauffman and Tallon, 2009). Web-assisted personal interviewing [WAPI]), is the use of telephone to interview the target group and use of online data entry (Kauffman and Tallon, 2009). Online survey uses social sites (Face book, twitter, 2go) to recruit people to participate in the survey. Online focus groups allow formation of online groups to discuss specific issues of the research. An in-depth interview is characterized by intensive interviews to the selected group to get answers for set questions and objectives.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Economics, Information Systems, and Electronic Commerce Strategy specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Roving laptop-based interviews using computer-assisted personal interviews are used in administering personal interview s that allow the interviewee to respond through personal computers (Kauffman and Tallon, 2009). Sources of secondary data available to marketing managers Secondary data is â€Å"available effortlessly, rapidly and inexpensively† (Kumar, 2005). In most cases, marketing managers can access secondary data from online sources, books, journals, and from archives. In online marketing, marketing managers can access secondary data from online sources. The online sources available for marketing managers include organizations websites. Secondary data is not hard to retrieve and it can be retrieved from other organizations instantly as long as there is access to the website. Organizations that are carrying out a current research project usually accumulate and store their data in their website (Kumar, 2005). Advantages and disadvantages of on-line marketing research Online marketing research is becoming popular around the world due to globalization. Online marketing research has both adv antages and disadvantages. Advantages of online research marketing include speed and low cost of implementation (Fill, 2009). Online marketing and research is very cheap because any one around the globe can be able to communicate without necessarily having to travel around the world (Fill, 2009). Doing online surveys eliminates paper usage, wastage and postage charges hence reducing cost (Fill, 2009). In addition to this, online marketing research enables easy implementation or execution (Fill, 2009). It is very easy to reach many people online, which also enhances communication. Different people can be able to respond to surveys and get instant feedback. On the other hand, there are a number of disadvantages associated with online marketing research. For instance, in online research, marketers do not see who is participating in the research (Fill, 2009). In case of unlimited internet access, the whole process may not be successful (Fill, 2009). Children are not allowed to access in ternet and this may result to companies not getting appropriate result especially regarding consumer’s preferences. Lastly, consumers may not be certain about their privacy in this kind of research and sometimes consumers are not sure whether the researcher will sell or disclose their responses (Fill, 2009).Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Reliability, validity, and generalisability of on-line marketing research Regardless of the technique of data collection, response rates to online-based surveys have been declining over the years. Because of this online marketing research has been deemed unsuccessful. According to research finding conducted in the year 2000, email and other internet related surveys generated an average of 37 per cent response (Yang and Lester, 2004). It has been noted that the average response rate to online-related research (including online-marketing research) has a low response rate of 10 per cent. Non-internet marketing based research like survey papers has a high response rates compared to internet-based surveys (Yang and Lester, 2004). The low rates can be attributed to unsolicited emails and lack of online privacy (Yang and Lester, 2004). Since marketing research cannot determine who provides the response, online marketing research is not a very reliable way of research, and marketers are adv ised to rely on different research sources. Development in online marketing research In the recent past, online-marketing research has experienced growth. Many people around the world have continued to use internet and therefore marketing researchers have began relying on online marketing. The new developments in this form of research have been experienced with emergence of new digital portfolios such as Face book and Twitter, which has enhanced communication (Fill, 2009). In addition, Real-Time web has enabled the rapidity of marketing research (Yang and Lester, 2004). Since cell phones have penetrated everywhere around the world, this has enhanced new marketing application with the trend being expected to change in 2015. Consumer behavior and E-segment strategies General understanding of the online consumer In a big way, online consumers have increased with the growth of internet globally. For online consumers, the decision to buy or purchase any product/services is reached based on problem recognition, access of information, purchase decision, alternatives evaluations, and post-purchase evaluation (Fill, 2009). For online consumers, the process of making a decision whether to purchase a product or not is determined by factors such as online information access, comparison of quality and prices on the internet, and online purchase (Fill, 2009). In influencing a consumer to purchase a certain product, tailoring marketing communication plays a major role in the decision-making (Fill, 2009). Sometimes, online consumers make decision to purchase products on the internet based on experiences. Generally, the type of product influences decision-making by online consumers and consequently, consumer’s behavior (Fill, 2009). Characteristics and resources Individuals are likely to have positive attitude towards technology. Online buyers tend to have the attitude that their lives are enriched by technology (Viva University, 2009). Skills and online experience are also critical characteristics since those that have been online for many years are able to locate information and products easily than new users. Gender also influences shopping cart where women are less positive about internet shopping generally compared to men. In addition, online shoppers are goal oriented (Viva University, 2009). Lastly, differences in family life cycles influence what is sought online. Online behavior among individuals nonetheless varies and goes beyond the conventional social and cultural trends (Viva University, 2009). Thus, non-internet users and internet users are different. The resources they use are their cost and include monetary value, time where on average users are reported to be online 29 times a month and 49 minutes on average and the energy and psychic cost where consumers may view it as troublesome to turn on a computer (Viva University, 2009). Usage segments and their characteristics Home and work access: This segment focuses on differences in th e place from where one access the internet because these segments have varying needs on the web (Viva University, 2009). Access speed: This aspect focuses on the type of internet connections and the receiving appliance e.g broadband vs. PDAs and cell phones (Viva University, 2009). Time online: In this respect, this segment looks at the amount of time one spends online. This has been categorized into simplifiers, surfers, connectors, bargainers, routiners and sportsters (Viva University, 2009). Industry: specific usage segments- this focuses on the variation in usage between various industries or business types. Coverage strategies e-marketers can use to target online customers There are four coverage strategies. The first is Mass marketing where one marketing mix is used for the entire market (Viva University, 2009). The second is Multisegment marketing where a firm selects two or more segments and comes up with strategies for each. The third is Niche marketing in which a firm may select one segment and comes up with varying marketing mixes for the said segment (Viva University, 2009). The fourth is Micro marketing whereby marketing mixes either in part or fully are tailored to a very small number of individuals. Categories of outcomes that consumers seek from online exchanges Connect: Using two way communications, individuals are able to interact with each other and with organizations (Viva University, 2009). Enjoy: Many consumers find entertainment in the internet. Learn: Information available in the internet facilitates learning of issue such as news, travel information among others (Viva University, 2009). Differentiation and positioning strategies Positioning and differentiation Product differentiation is integration of important features in a product such as quality and price (Siu. Edu, 2009). Incorporation of these features in a product encourages the customer to perceive the product as different, unique, and desirable (Siu. Edu, 2009). Product differe ntiation is important as it puts a company in an advantage position against competition (Siu. Edu, 2009). Product positioning is the unique way you provide your product and services as you enter the market (Siu. Edu, 2009) and it is the next step after a company has already done product or service differentiation. In a company manufacturing solar panels for instance, in order to ensure product positioning, such a company can market it self on premises that it offers its product in a timely manner (Siu. Edu, 2009). In such a case, the product (solar panel) is positioned against it competitors on the basis of timely delivery. Generally, product differentiation and positioning are key parts of organization’s marketing strategy and they are very useful in keeping and maintaining the company in business competition (Siu. Edu, 2009). Differentiation dimension and internet-specific differentiation A manufacturing company can differentiate along dimensions such as product, services, personnel, channel, and image (Siu. Edu, 2009). Product differentiation is very significant in online-marketing strategy. Product differentiation can be done in areas of product pricing and packaging (offering friendly prices and attractive packaging). In E-marketing, customers services can be enhanced by keeping your customers updated through out. Channel, image, and personnel differentiations are important as they enhance efficient communication, product branding, and quality services respectively (Fill, 2009). There are about six internet-specific differentiation strategies and they include atmospherics, build trust, customer’s relationship management, user-generated content, pricing, and efficient and timely order processing (Fill, 2009). Atmospherics/environment site enhance information access and downloads (Siu. Edu, 2009). While build trust regards safe and encrypted payment procedures for customers, user-generated content is about building trust with your customers, a nd customer relationship management is about building a long-term relationship with your customers as well (Siu. Edu, 2009). Lastly, proper pricing and timely delivery of product and services is meant to attract and satisfy customers. Companies and repositioning Repositioning in marketing can be referred as the process of developing a new or better brand, company, or product and service position (Siu. Edu, 2009). A company can reposition in terms of technology, benefit, service attribute, competitor, integrating positioning, and user category (Siu. Edu, 2009). Regarding service/product attributes, a company can reposition itself by including qualities such as size, color, ingredients, and speed (Siu. Edu, 2009). An office sits manufacturing company can reposition itself in terms of technology by producing sits that are flexible with different preferences to attract the customers. Benefit positioning enables customers to enjoy other benefits. For instance, in website that sells motor cycle, visitors can send greeting cards or download games and so on. Competitor positioning enables organization to be on competition advantage against its competitors. For instance, the statement â€Å"the car in front is always a Toyota† puts Toyota Company ahead of its competitors. Generally, a company should reposition itself based on the market feedback (Siu. Edu, 2009). Reference List Fill, A., 2009. Marketing communication: interactivity, communities and content. Harlow: prentice hall. Kauffman, R. Tallon, P., 2009. Economics, information systems, and electronic  commerce: Empirical research. New York: M.E Sharpe. Kumar, R., 2005. Research Methodology: A step by Step guide for beginners. London: Sage publications. Siu. Edu., 2009. Differentiation. Web. Viva University, 2009. Consumer behavior online. Web. Yang, B. Lester, D., 2004. Attitudes towards buying online. Cyberpsychology   Behavior, 9, 285-296. This essay on Economics, Information Systems, and Electronic Commerce Strategy was written and submitted by user Kareem B. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Service Quality Of Kuala Lumpur Public Transports Tourism Essay Essay Example

Service Quality Of Kuala Lumpur Public Transports Tourism Essay Essay Example Service Quality Of Kuala Lumpur Public Transports Tourism Essay Essay Service Quality Of Kuala Lumpur Public Transports Tourism Essay Essay 1.0. Background of the narrative The definition of service quality means client perceptual experience on how good does a service can run into or transcend the outlook ( Czepiel 1990 ) . As for the words public conveyance itself, it is being describes as a vehicle that caters the rider to make a finish and every use of this peculiar public transit will be charge with a lower limit or a particular menus to each rider at the same times. In conveyance, there are a particular word being known as mobility it is normally defined as the ability to travel anything for illustration like people, goods and other populating thing or non living thing from one topographic point to another topographic point and it is measured by the figure of trips made by a individual each twenty-four hours ( Vasconcellos, 2001 ) whereas personal mobility refers to the usage of personal conveyance ; it can be a auto or a bike or others. The term of public is widely used ; this term is non considered as secret or private, the term itself unfas tened to or refering the people as a whole, sharing their really ain common involvement with everybody. Based on Md Aftabuzzaman, Graham Currie, Majid Sarvi, the chief urban public conveyance job is the route traffic congestion and this is one of the ground why people do non exchange to utilizing public conveyance ( Cervero 1991 ; Downs 1992 ) . By holding public conveyance system, efficient public conveyance ( PT ) can be regard as one of the possible solutions that can work out the job of urban route traffic congestion ( Hyman and Mayhew 2002, ; Pucher et Al. 2007 ; Vuchic 1999. The chief public conveyance such as coachs, taxis, trains was provided by the authorities towards the populace s usage. For convenient of people who are remaining in urban and rural countries ( White 2002 ) , authoritiess have provided a better service quality to people to do certain the service they provided are able to fulfill the consumer demands and outlook every bit good as to increase the degree of service quality of public conveyance. In public conveyance, service quality can be focus in term of tangib les, dependability and reactivity ( Parasuraman et. al. , 1985 ) and it has becomes a important issues which is to hold a better and comfy environment. Mostly clients do non fulfill with the physical installations in public conveyance. Cleanliness, comfortableness, frequences, reactivity of the driver and music director of public conveyances are the major issues client ever ailments and disappointed on it. Besides that, buses largely non provided convenience installations such as wheelchair, which is needed for disable individual. However, Malaysia Prime Minister himself dissatisfied with the current issues and jobs after being experienced on utilizing the LRT service. Problems for Light Rail Transit ( LRT ) and Keretanapi Tanah Melayu ( KTM ) are the clip reaching ever holds and non to bury, service likes promptness, frequences of train arrives on clip and insufficient of infinite to transport riders are besides the chief issues that caused congestion occurs ( Utusan 2008 ) . Even though the public transit is modernized and has been updated in urban countries but with the lacking of service quality and well-implemented by the authorities, it will take a negative perceptual experience tot the clients and they wo nt fulfill of utilizing public conveyance service that they provided which are deficient and inefficiency ( Karen Thompson, Peter Schofield 2002 ) . Despite the routing scheduled saying the coach would get on every 15 proceedingss but users has been waiting the half an hr and yet the coach still non ar rives. This is one of the promptness jobs faced by the public coachs in Malaysia ( The Star 2008 ) . Another incident occurred in urban country Kuala Lumpur, which are included LRT train and Rapid KL. The train and coach colliding with each other in 200 metre from Bukit Jalil Station ( The Star 2008 ) . This shows that the safety measuring of public conveyances become worst and action should be taken into consideration. Transit service quality and dependability is indispensable for theodolite riders and it did shown that both factors do impact rider satisfaction well ( Tyrinopoulos, 2008 ) . Furthermore, transit service dependability respect as one of the important factor for commuters to make up ones mind on which types of public transit they prefer to utilize the most ( Benjamin, 1998 ) . Due to inefficiency of system, coachs did non get on clip, going holds, missing of rider seats, therefore, these factors would do rider overloads. Commuters would more preferred to drive their ain vehicles alternatively of utilizing public conveyance to entree to work, diversion, school during the peak service periods. It must be given excess attending on inefficiency system of coachs in order to bettering the dependability towards of riders and commuters. However, service extension would nt be necessary if the rider burden was every bit distributed and coachs were on a regular basis spaced plenty. Harmonizing to Margareta Friman and Markus Felleson, new services of public conveyance are being developed and old services are being improved or upgraded in order to run into the possible and present client s demand. To promote more people to utilize the public conveyance, services should be designed and performed in a manner to run into the degrees of service required by clients ( Beirao and Sarsfield Cabral 2007 ) . In add-on, there are few factors of how clients perceive public conveyance. Factors such as frequence, dependability, travel clip and menu degree ( Hensher et al. 2003, Tyrinopoulos and Aifadopoulou 2008 ) , comfort and cleanliness ( Eboli and Mazzulla 2007, Swanson et Al. 1997 ) , web coverage or distance to halt ( Eriksson et al. 2009, Tyrinopoulos and Antoniou 2008 ) , and safety issues ( Smith and Clarke 2000, Fellesson and Friman 2008 ) are the chief factors for users do non utilize the public conveyance and besides client express their points of position approxim ately services every bit good as to supplying judgement of public conveyance harmonizing to the service quality. Harmonizing to Tew Shi Yi, to heighten the per centum degree of utilizing public transit, they managed to come up with a program which is to offer an effectual, accurate and user-friendly system for users particularly for the citizens of Kuala Lumpur and it so conveying the important benefits to the populace. Laura Eboli and Gabriella Mazzulla, one of the factors act uponing the travel user picks to utilize the public conveyance is the theodolite service quality. Those clients who manage to utilize the theodolite service, they will likely utilize theodolite services once more. In contrast, users may non utilize the theodolite services following clip if they are non capable to utilize it good. However, bettering the service quality is of import for pulling new users. Harmonizing to Che Rosmani Che Hassan, Mahar Diana Hamid, Norazlin Dzulkifly, Noor Zalina Mahmood, coach is one of the chief options of mass transit as it is non merely has better coverage countries such as Light Rail Tra nsit ( LRT ) and commuter train but besides cheaper for public to utilize it. Besides, they found out that bing coach interchanges frequently inadequate to run into the turning demands of clients. There are 1000s of people use the coach interchanges around Kuala Lumpur to make their finish in a twenty-four hours. Such interchanges are Hentian Puduraya, Hentian Duta, Klang Bus Stand and more. Based on research made by the pupil from the University Malaya, the study consequences happens to be true that, the ground why do most of the Malaysian used private autos alternatively of Public Transportation were chiefly, they lack of cognition about the handiness of the public transit around their country. Not familiar on how to utilize the public transit. Although there are several types of public conveyance but yet people instead to drive their ain auto and stuck in the traffic jam for few hours than utilizing with public conveyance that might somehow causes jobs when it is less unannounced. However, authorities has comes up with a program which is to present a new set of traffic direction policy steps to advance the usage of public conveyance. To promote the occupants to utilize the public conveyance, several installations has been provided by the authorities in public conveyance station such as excess parking infinites are added nearby the public conveyance station so that peo ple can park their auto and sit easy, bus bird from coach halt to the train station or add more coach or train frequences in either vicinity or the metropolis country. Ng Choy Peng and Dadang Mohamed MASEOM, private vehicles have led to severe congestion and pollution. Kuala Lumpur foremost started to run the light rail theodolite ( LRT ) in 1996 following by the STAR LRT and PUTRA LRT. These are the two LRT systems that operate in Kuala Lumpur after LRT. It has been found that most of the LRT Stationss in Kuala Lumpur countries provide unequal parking infinite and this is one of the ground public do non exchange to utilizing public conveyance. However, to advance the usage of public conveyance, the local governments recommended bettering the bing coach services like bus lane demands to develop even better and so on. As for the building of the commuter train, it must be well-developed and to do certain light railroad theodolite ( LRT ) is able to provide the demand of occupants from suburban country to urban country. Last but non least, it is besides shown that the public transit today face a really large negative impact from all the consumer and rider that travels around with the public conveyance, this proven a consequence that the public transit has show a batch inefficiency services that provided by each company, hapless connexion from certain finish to a finish itself. 1.2 Research Problem The job sing to this proposal is the client perceptual experience service quality towards public conveyance in Kuala Lumpur. This research is to happen our factors that act uponing clients non to utilize with the public conveyance. Researcher found out that private autos has become the chief pick of traveller s manner of conveyance is because they dissatisfied with the service quality such as dependability, cleanliness and comfortableness, installations, travel menu and clip of the public conveyance. There might hold been frequent ailments from the commuters and riders that the public conveyance did non supply a good service such as going ever delays, deficient rider s seats and others. Most of them deficiency of cognition about the handiness of the public transit around their country. Consumer does non cognize the exact travelling clip and continuance from the beginning to the finish itself and non familiar on how to utilize the public transit. So hence most of them would non take t he hazard into taking public transit as their manner of conveyance. Besides that, they are easy confused on what type of conveyance to utilize to make their finish ; somewhat it is due to there are excessively many picks of public transit to take from in Kuala Lumpur. Furthermore, the consumer does non desire to blow clip waiting for the transit with no exact geting clip mundane when they own a private auto where they do non worries anything about the handiness of the auto, the going continuance, and it is far more accessible from clip to clip. 1.3 Research Question What are the factors that affect public non to utilizing public conveyance in Kuala Lumpur? How does the service and demands can be improved? What is the extension degree of the service attributes must be improved in the hereafter? What is the overall satisfaction degree of users to public conveyance? What is the point of service quality that leads to client satisfaction? 1.4 Research Aims The chief intent of the aim for this proposal is to mensurate the user s planetary satisfaction with public conveyance every bit good as to analyze the client perceptual experience of utilizing Kuala Lumpur public conveyance harmonizing to certain factors. The chief point of this research is to happen out what is the degree of outlook perceptual experience of Kuala Lumpur clients about service of public conveyance delivered and what sort of services that affect most of the people do non utilize public conveyance. It is really of import to happen out how does the service and demands can run into the client s satisfaction, any betterment for authorities to keep the public conveyance, factors authorities would take into consideration in make up ones minding to utilize public conveyance more or thrust less in order to promote and advance people, particularly the citizens of Kuala Lumpur to utilize public conveyance services more frequently. Government should update the latest information such as possible paths coverage, going and arrival clip of the public conveyance and travel menu to the user. Suggested path will be giving out to the users to guarantee users utilizing public conveyance in a shortest clip and cheapest manner with a limited budget to make the finish itself. Aims of this research are: To find the ground for public to take to go with private auto but non utilizing public conveyance in Kuala Lumpur. To place the types of service and demands to run into the client s satisfaction. To place the extent spread of between the client s perceptual experience and outlook. To place the best solution to better the service quality of the public transit, like more seats and comfy seats. Theoretical Framework and Conceptual Framework Basically, the above diagram is the research shows how readers are to find the factors that encourage auto users switch from driving auto to utilizing public transit in Kuala Lumpur more frequently. Factors that can promote the auto users to exchange and utilize the public transit are to upgrade and spread out the service quality of that peculiar transit. For illustration, KTMB need to set in a batch of attempt into upgrading their services, particularly during the peak clip ( working hours ) so that the consumer can entree to it with hassle free. Customer satisfactions are besides an of import facet in the client perceptual experience, in order to do the client satisfied into utilizing the transit are to do certain that comfort are at that place, the warm service are they and handiness are environing the populace conveyance itself. Furthermore are the Reliability of Public Transport, in order to do the public transit a dependable one, the direction of the transit company, must ever upgrading their services and expand their services, so that the consumer can experience dependable towards the peculiar transit. Diagram above is the theoretical account of conceptual model, which is exemplifying the relationship between service and quality development, client satisfaction, reactivity, route handinesss of public conveyance, dependability of public conveyance ( geting on clip ) , and the care from clip to clip to public conveyance. 1.6 Significant of survey This research helps to indentify bing job of what factors encourage auto user s switch to utilize public conveyance which may take to the satisfaction of auto users. Through this research, the authorities has to set its attempt to do an betterment on the public conveyance system such as development of an integrated and efficient public conveyance system. Action should be taken into consideration to upgrade the public conveyance to auto users in order to run into the demands and supply an efficiency services which will give client a broad position of satisfaction particularly focuses on the enlargement of Light Rail Transit ( LRT ) and commuter train services. By making this, it will non merely helpful and utile at this clip and future planning every bit good. The consequence of this research will better the auto user s satisfaction. In the interim, this planning will promote more people to utilize public conveyance. Furthermore, it does helps to indentify extra alterations that can b e done to avoid farther impacts to the current site emphasized in this survey. Scope and Restrictions The range of survey is the public perceptual experience towards Kuala Lumpur public conveyance. Due to the clip restraint, the research worker might non able to garner beginnings of the information from diaries, on-line diaries, farther inside informations, and newspapers. Beside of this, the research worker besides confronting some troubles on the research paper because of the short clip provided on the research procedure. Obviously, it is caused by the deficiency of resource that provided in KDU library and the research worker besides confronting some troubles on acquiring the further inside informations information about public conveyance in Kuala Lumpur with a restriction of resources. It besides caused by the informations that provided in KDU library is non the latest and the informations did nt up to day of the month on a regular basis. Chapter 2 Reappraisal of Related Literature 2.1. Factors act uponing the client perceptual experience service quality towards Public Transport in Kuala Lumpur This reappraisal indicates that efficient public conveyance ( PT ) considered as one of the possible solutions to the job of urban route traffic congestion ( Hyman and Mayhew 2002, ; Pucher et Al. 2007 ; Vuchic 1999 ) .The factors that act uponing the client perceptual experience towards public transit are chiefly because of the times due to the apparently break down and the hold of train all the clip, the client do non desire to take the hazard taking public transit without taking the public transit, it will assist cut down the clip of going and can avoid the malfunction of the public transit all the clip The 2nd factor that influence their perceptual experience are crowded and comfort, due to the public transit are ever crowded, there are some of the client that afraid to take the public transit, ground are because they have to be inside the public conveyance hot and airless, sometimes will occurred instances like sexual torment towards the adult female that travel utilizing the public transit. Not merely that, when it is excessively crowded some of the client unable to bask the seats due to miss of seats and besides when there are excessively many people sometimes it will do sleepiness when non plenty air ventilate in the coach, train or taxi itself. The 3rd factor that influence the client into taking the public transit are the desirable paths are non covered by the public transit, it is merely covers some portion of the metropolis, suburban countries and town but non to most of the topographic points, it is difficult for those client to go utilizing public transit when some of the finish that offers by the populace conveyance itself need transportations and besides necessitate walking. The last factors that influence the client perceptual experience are the infrequent public transit. There are public conveyance that travels follow the clip that set by the system, illustration like KTM there are a board saying that what clip precisely will the train itself will get, but the train ever reach late and neer follow. So as the Monorail and besides the Star LRT which provides the incorrect information of clip all the clip? As for Putra LRT, is the lone rail that shows the right timing due to the, system will update its timing once the trains reach certain finish? Based on Apogee Research ( 1996 ) , there are three chief tools cardinal to the appraisal of public conveyance such as travel demand theoretical accounts, conveyance cost analysis techniques, conveyance study planning and impact spreadsheets and each of the tools will hold their ain benefits and disbenefits. 2.2. Service Quality Surprisingly, few surveies have so far analyzed this relationship. The construct of service quality involved results, satisfaction of the users, and other intangibles of public conveyance outlooks. In add-on, installations and more touchable facet of public conveyances physical elements are besides one of the construct of service quality ( Fodness A ; Murray, 2007 ) . Service quality besides involves the perceptual experience and outlook of the service degree delivered to the user which is meets their demands. Some theoretical accounts have been developed that effort to associate sensed quality dimensions to specific merchandise attributes in the merchandise development literature ( Hauser and Clausing 1988, Nagamachi 1995 ) . Government should increase the capacity of the public transit, the deficiency of seats is what trouble oneselfing the client and why they do non sit on public transit because it is tired to stand all the clip. The service quality of the public conveyance is no n truly executed good. For illustration: The Light Rail Transit ( LRT ) and Keretapi Tanah Melayu Berhad ( KTMB ) ever delays, deficient infinite to transport more rider seats and this is one of the ground caused the congestion occurred ( Utusan, 2008 ) . Should besides believe of refurbish each and every of the station and Michigans and put in the service which necessary for the convenience of all the client and comfort while waiting for the public conveyance. Not merely that they environment of the public transit are good, but besides the driver, staff and the 1 who work in the service line must possess a good bosom in assisting and helping. Cleanliness and comfy of public conveyance are the chief visual aspects for users. Normally, users will concentrate on the cleanliness of inside, seats, and Windowss of the public conveyance. Therefore, the direction has to do certain the equipment is up to day of the month and in working order every bit good as the waiting countries were suitably furnished, cleaned and good all the times. Employees and staffs of the public conveyance must ever possess with batch of accomplishments and cognition on the service production in order to supply a better services to users. One of the measurings in ser vice quality is the inside of the public conveyance, which is considered as the physical visual aspects ( Parasuraman, et. al. , 1988 ) . 2.3. Dependability of Public Transport Harmonizing to Beimborn et Al. ( 1993 ) , it is of import to supply a model for benefit analysis and described the measuring techniques after reexamining the rule and issue for public conveyance benefit measuring. Reliability is concentrating on frequences and promptness of the populace conveyance which is arrives on clip and able to run into the outlook of the users. It means the ability to execute the promised service which are more faithfully and accurately ( Parasuraman, et. al. , 1988 ) . Reliability of Public Transport is an of import facet, in order to derive the trust and the satisfaction of consumer. The public transit itself must ever understand what the client demand, like be punctual all the clip, do certain that there are no troubles happen, no excessive menus being imposed at the invitee or tourer. When there are a shorter manner to make the finish itself, do nt seek another longer manner to increase the far. Bing honest all the clip, this manner, it will do the client happy and thinks that the public transit is dependable and besides will gives a positive impact to the public perceptual experience and outlook. 2.4 Customer Satisfaction ( Richter et al. 2008a, 2008b ) to run into possible and present clients demands, quality investings that truly raise the sensed service public presentation sing these properties constitute an of import issue. In order to do the client satisfied towards the public transit, the direction must ever update their service and besides their conveyance, so that the rider can bask a comfort and happy drive. Staffs must ever supply an efficiency service to the clients. With a sensible menu, comfort, cleanliness and easy entree to a finish or topographic point through the scheduled, clients will derive the assurance of utilizing public conveyance alternatively of driving their ain vehicle. Passenger takes the public transit due to a batch of ground and the ground that drives them to take it. In order to keep the rider keeps taking the public transit ever do certain that there are no jobs occurred during the drive or before the drive. Try making study to study on the consumer on what can be upgrade and what can they make to do the client more satisfied. 2.5. Responsiveness Harmonizing to ( Parasuraman, et. al. , 1988 ) , another quality of dimension in mensurating service quality is responsiveness. It means the willingness of the staff or employee to assist the clients and to supply a better and prompt service to clients at the same clip. However, the attitude of the driver or staff in public conveyance must be ever possess with a good behaviour. Staff and driver are required to act in niceness and friendly with the clients alternatively of demoing choler or discourtesy to the clients. The manner they speak to the clients and the manner they give client a manus are of import in the service quality of reactivity. In malice of this, it indicates that clients or user perceptual experience and outlook to the service quality in the public conveyance are become more of import and could nt be neglected by the direction. 2.6. Path Handinesss With the demand for public transit is deriving twenty-four hours by twenty-four hours, the coach operator and rail operator must believe of making new coach paths and besides train paths to allow the client entree to other topographic points which are barely had any transit entree to it. Particularly now the authorities had come out with an thought of constructing public transit for Cheras and besides Kota Damansara rail line. Even though the coach caters largely to all the paths in Klang Valley, whether it is deep inside or outside the boundaries, but there are still some of the route that still haven accessible by the coach and besides other public transit itself. Even though some of the topographic point had already available for public transit but some of it needs interchanges, this will trouble oneself the client for altering or reassign to another station. 2.6. Care From Time to Clock Servicess that are dependent on already-existing, complex systems of substructure and organisational agreements are likely to necessitate a different logic ( cf. de Brentani 1995, 2001 ) . For a better public transit consequences and pull more and more people into taking public transit, what a operating company must make are to do certain that they ever check their conveyance. Make certain that care do from clip to clip to do the train or coach or even taxi interrupt down or holding troubles when there are rider that are utilizing the public transit. Because once the train is holding any troubles job, it will take about an hr or two to repair the jobs. With such sort of job will ever gave the client or rider negative feedback towards the public conveyance. Even though it is non ever the negative feedbacks all the clip but is of import to avoid such thing happen. The company must take excess safeguard. Chapter 3: Research Methodology 3.1. General Methodology Hybrid research attack is the general methodological analysis in this research. The definition of Hybrid research attack is the combination of both qualitative and quantitative methods and these are the two methods research that the research worker used for the proposal. Besides this, it is besides known as a mix of attacks and there are besides some benefits by utilizing this research. The research worker will hold a deeper apprehension and cognition of the consequences when utilizing these two types of method. The efficiencies in clip and cost are besides one of the benefits. Other than that, this research attack allow the research worker to work out the job occurs with the qualitative research. Hybrid research attack can work out the job of unfamiliar to the background of the research. 3.2. Research Design There are two types of methods the research worker used in this research. First, Qualitative method, which is more to observation and besides the informations that collected is fact and unchangeable. The aggregation of the informations will be based on quality and it will be presented in words. The research worker will analyze and construe the information that have been collected through on-line research. Qualitative method is subjective. Due to the perceptual experience of everyone is different from each other. Hence, it is hard to generalise. The research worker will be more understanding by utilizing this method. Quantitative method relies on the research instruments used to roll up and mensurate the information. It is necessary to utilize the quantitative methods in order to understand and grok the nucleus intent of this survey. Both qualitative and quantitative methods will be use as the cardinal focal point of the research method. The study techniques that the research worker used for the qualitative method are to the full stand foring it. On the other manus, the research worker are making interview for the qualitative methods. The respondents for the interview will affect Kuala Lumpur frequent public transit user. Interview allows the research worker to garner more information and besides have a better apprehension on the subject. Researcher non merely can acquire information that is non available in literature method by interview the interviewee every bit good as the questionnaire besides can be tailored to run into the different demands of the respondents. As for the questionnaire, it will be semi-structure and more flexible during the interview. 3.3 Beginnings of Datas 3.3.1 Primary Data At foremost, the primary research is done in order to obtain the natural information from the public straight for the research proposal. For the research portion, the research worker will concentrate on the client perceptual experience service quality towards public transit in Kuala Lumpur and the negative thought of people to utilize public conveyance. Meanwhile, the research worker will happen out methods that are utile to advance and promote more people switch to utilize public conveyance particularly auto users. In this research, a study that incorporating 10 simple multiple picks questionnaire and besides an interview will be utilize it to roll up the primary informations. It takes about 5-10 proceedingss to make full in the study questionnaire for each respondent. There are some picks for each of the inquiries and each respondent merely hold to take one of the replies that they preferred the most. Respondents are required to jotting down their ain remarks in the questionnaire signifier that stated with their ain sentiment towards public conveyance in Kuala Lumpur. This research is utile because all the study signifiers will be collected and gathered by the research worker one time they have done. Besides that, an interview will be carry oning around the Kuala Lumpur City Centre and the group that the research worker targeted would be the all centric and mid-centric. Primary Data is besides collected for this research by questioning the Kuala Lumpur frequent public transit users. The definition of the public transit user will be the Malayan users that use the populace conveyance about every twenty-four hours. Through the interview, they can supply a better thought and personal position which can assist the research worker to derive more information while making the proposal. The interview would affect inquiries asked by the researcher one-on-one to a topic sing the client perc eptual experience towards public conveyance and besides to ask for their sentiment what types of the demand can run into the satisfaction of public transit users. The targeted group of the populace for this interview would be college pupils selected indiscriminately. The research worker will roll up and analyse the information from the interview and utilize it to back up the consequence of quantitative informations. 3.3.2 Secondary Data Besides utilizing the primary researches, secondary researches are used widely in this study by the research worker excessively. Secondary informations defined as the information that acceptable by most of the research workers and the informations will decidedly published in the populace by other research workers. Normally, secondary informations can be easy found on web sites, diary, articles, books, text editions, magazines, and besides some other on-line resources. However, the chief secondary resources that the research worker used in this study are journal and electronic beginnings. The research worker gets the diary from the college library and on-line research every bit good. The research worker will more preferred to roll up the secondary informations that published within few old ages clip. It is because the information that published within few old ages clip is considered as the latest info for the research worker itself and the latest info will assist the research worker t o hold a better analysis and account. Respondents In order to acquiring the sentiment of public perceptual experience towards public transit, an interview is designed to aim the Kuala Lumpur frequent public transit users. The research worker has interviewed two frequent public transit users which are Mr. Alice, Part Time Accountant and Mr. Alex, Operations Manager. They are the people who frequent use public transit more than four times a twenty-four hours. Besides that, they are able to supply the information such as the perceptual experience of client satisfaction, service quality and the handinesss towards the public conveyance conditions is good plenty. The questionnaire studies will be conducted merely for Kuala Lumpur frequent public conveyance users. Journal and website mentions Lee Vien Leong, Jen Sim Ho and Ahmad Farhan Mohd Sadullah. Preference of Travelers for Sustainable Transportation Planning Objectives in Klang Valley, Malaysia. School of Civil Engineering, Universiti Sains Malaysia. hypertext transfer protocol: //eprints.usm.my/13606/1/preference_of_travellers.pdf Tew Shi Yi, 11 November 2009. Journey Planner for Public Transport In Kuala Lumpur. University Malaya Kuala Lumpur hypertext transfer protocol: //dspace.fsktm.um.edu.my/xmlui/bitstream/handle/1812/874/Chapter % 201 % 20Introduction.pdf? sequence=1 Md Aftabuzzaman, Graham Currie and Majid Sarvi, Monash University. Measuring the Congestion Relief Impacts of Public Transport in Monetary Footings, Journal of Public Transportation, Vol. 13, No. 1, 2010 AÂ © Center for Urban Transportation Research hypertext transfer protocol: //www.nctr.usf.edu/jpt/pdf/JPT13-1Aftabuzzaman.pdf Margareta Friman and Markus Fellesson Karlstad University, Sweden. Service Supply and Customer Satisfaction in Public Transportation. Journal of Public Transportation, Vol. 12, No.4, 2009 hypertext transfer protocol: //www.nctr.usf.edu/jpt/pdf/JPT12-4Friman.pdf Abdul-Rashid and Abdul-Aziz 2006. Denationalization of Fixed-rail theodolite systems: a instance survey of Malaysia s STAR and PUTRA. Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering, 33 ( 7 ) 2006 hypertext transfer protocol: //www.thefreelibrary.com/Privatisation+of+fixed-rail+transit+systems % 3A+a+case+study+of -a0152179851 Dr.Lawrence Tseu, State Planning Unit, Chief Minister s Office, Sarawak, Urban Transport Growth: The Challenges Ahead-The New Realism And Institutional Changes, 2006 hypertext transfer protocol: //www.sabah.gov.my/jpas/news/Conv06/Papers/Pap8_SPU.pdf Mold of Transportation Behavior In Kuala Lumpur hypertext transfer protocol: //dspace.fsktm.um.edu.my/bitstream/1812/859/2/wek060048_Chapter % 202 % 20Literature % 20Review.pdf Bettering Infrastructure, Utilities and urban transit hypertext transfer protocol: //www.epu.gov.my/html/themes/epu/html/rm9/english/Chapter18.pdf Choy Peng Ng and Dagang Mohamad Masome, Civil Engineering Department, The Development of Model Estimation To Determine Parking Needs At LRT Stations in Suburban Area, Journal Vol.5, pp. 877-890, 2005 hypertext transfer protocol: //www.easts.info/on-line/proceedings_05/877.pdf Zaherawati Zakaria, Zaliha Hi Hussin, Mohamed Fajil Abdul Batau and Zuriawati Zakaria. Service Quality of Malaysian Public Transports. Cross-cultural communicating Vol.6, No. 2, 2010, pp. 84-92 ISSN 1712-8358 hypertext transfer protocol: //cscanada.net/index.php/ccc/article/viewFile/1290/pdf_434 Timothy Paul Hutchinson. The client experience when utilizing public conveyance: a reappraisal, Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers, Municipal Engineer 162, September 2009 Issues ME3 Pages 149-157 www.icevirtuallibrary.com/docserver/fulltext/muen162-149.pdf Abdalla Nurdeen Kamba, Riza Atiq O.K.Rahmat, Amiruddin Ismail. Why Do Peoples Use Their Cars: A Case Study In Malaysia? Journal of Social Sciences 3 ( 3 ) : 117-122, 2007 ISSN 1549-3652 AÂ © 2007 Science Publications hypertext transfer protocol: //www.scipub.org/fulltext/jss/jss33117-122.pdf Che Rosmani Che Hassan, Mahar Diana Hamid, Norazlin Dzulkifly and Noor Zalina Mahmood. Hazards Identification At Bus Interchanges in Kuala Lumpur. Journal of Engineering Science and Technology Vol.4, No. 1 ( 2009 ) 47-56 AÂ © School of Engineering, Taylor s University College hypertext transfer protocol: //jestec.taylors.edu.my/Vol % 204 % 20Issue % 201 % 20March % 2009/Vol_4_1_47-56_Rosmani.pdf Leong Lee Vien, Younes Bagheri and Ahmad Farhan Bin Mohd Sadullah. Analysis of Headways on Passenger Loads for Public Services: Case Study of Penang Island, Malaysia. School of Civil Engineering Universiti Sains Malaysia. European Journal of Scientific Research ISSN 1450-216X Vol.45 No.3 ( 2010 ) , pp.476-483 AÂ © EuroJournals Publishing, Inc. 2010 hypertext transfer protocol: //www.eurojournals.com/ejsr_45_3_14.pdf Anzmac 2009. The Examination of the Consumer Satisfaction in the Urban Public Transport. Szechenyi Istvan University, Hungary hypertext transfer protocol: //www.duplication.net.au/ANZMAC09/papers/ANZMAC2009-413.pdf Laura Eboli and Gabriella Mazzulla, University of Calabria, Italy. A new Customer Satisfaction Index for Evaluating Transit Service Quality. Journal of Public Transportation, Vol. 12, No.3, 3009 hypertext transfer protocol: //www.nctr.usf.edu/jpt/pdf/jpt12-3eboli.pdf M.Devi Prasad and Dr. B. Raja Shekhar 2010. Impact of Service Quality Management ( SQM ) Practices on Indian Railways- A Study of South Central Railways. International Journal of Business and Management, Vol.5, No.9 ; September 2010. Geetika, Shefali Nandan and Motilal Nehru National Institute of Technology 2010. Determinants of Customer Satisfaction on Service Quality: A Study of Railway Platforms in India. Journal of Public Transportation, Vol.13, No. 1, 2010. Mention books Eliot Hurst, Michael E. ( New York, McGraw-Hill [ 1973-c1974 ] , and Transportation Geography: remarks and readings, ( xiv, 528 p.illus. 24cm. ) Page, Stephen. ( Harlow: Longman,1999 ) Transport and tourism/ ( x, 350 p. : ailment, maps ; 24cm. ) Meyer, Michael D. ( Boston: McGraw-Hill, c2001. ) Urban transit planning. ( xiv, 642 p. : ill. ; 24 centimeter. ) Page, Stephen. ( Harlow, England: Pearson Prentice Hall, 2005 ) Conveyance and touristry: ( xxiv, 450 p. : ill. , maps ; 24 centimeter. )

Autobiography Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 3

Autobiography - Essay Example It was an event that shifted my life forever because I learned to be more responsible. From the start, I had made it clear I wanted to join Shanghai politics. When I announced to my parents that I had joined the army, they were puzzled, especially my mother. My mother told me I risked my life, and I may not live to my dream of being Shanghai’s mayor. Seeing no alternatives, I retired from the army and continued with my quest to join the Shanghai politics. I worked for the community, for instance, one day I mobilized the local people to collect garbage. Towards the end of 2013, I became a member of the university’s students’ governing body. I was elected the special needs secretary. Involvement with the students’ governing body opened my eyes more, and it was a huge turning point for me. Since joining the students’ governing body, I have worked and occupied various senior positions in an acting capacity. In January this year, I was the acting president for the governing body, since the incumbent president was impeached on allegations of nepotism. Since I was a political student in the university, I applied for an internship in the office of the prime minister. As the head of communications in the Prime Minister’s office pointed out to me during the interview, I was chosen because he felt I would do my duties diligently. It proved to be a wise idea, because three weeks into the internship, the Prime Minister fired me for being a whistle blower in a corruption case in the court. I filed a grievance in the Supreme Court, but I saw it as time wastage. My involvement in the university’s politics has helped me gain fame in China. I took advantage of this situation to help the local communities in advocating their rights. Recently, my father and I participated on a demonstration to advocate the removal of the Prime Minister from office. As I write all political activities I have been